به هرگونه نامنظمی ضربان قلب و اختلال ریتم قلبی آرتیمی گفته می شود که شامل دو نوع اصلی است. ضربان قلب فرد بالغ در زمان استراحت و در حالت عادی باید بین ۵۰ تا ۸۰ بار در دقیقه باشد.
انواع آریتمی قلبی (اختلال در ریتم قلب)
- برادی کاردی نوع اول اختلال ریتم قلبی بوده که زمانی رخ می دهد که ضربان قلب بسیار آهسته و کمتر از ۵۰ بار در دقیقه است.
- تاکی کاردی نوع دیگر آرتیمی است که با ضربان قلب بسیار سریع و بیش از ۱۰۰ بار در دقیقه مشخص می شود.
آرتیمی خفیف معمولاً بدون علامت بوده اما در موارد شدید اختلال ریتم قلبی، تپش قلب، تنگی نفس، احساس لرزش در قفسه سینه و کاهش سطح هوشیاری از علائم هشدار دهنده این بیماری است.
علل اختلال ریتم قلبی
اختلال ریتم قلبی ممکن است به دلایل مختلفی از جمله تنگی رگ های قلبی، نارسایی قلبی، بیماری های دریچه قلب و یا وجود یک عصب اضافه در مدارهای الکتریکی قلب ایجاد گردد.
پرکاری تیروئید و کم خون نیز از دیگر علل اختلال در ریتم قلبی و ایجاد بی نظمی در ضربان قلب افراد هستند.
روش های تشخیصی آریتمی قلبی
گرفتن نوار قلبی (الکتروکاردیوگرام) استفاده از دستگاه هولتر (دستگاه قابل حملی که به مدت ۲۴ تا ۴۸ ساعت ضربان قلب بیمار را ثبت می کند) انجام EPS و تحریک الکتریکی قلب از طریق آنژیوگرافی و تست های استرس ورزشی از راه تشخیص آرتیمی به شمار می روند.
درمان انواع آریتمی های قلبی
آرتیمی خفیف نیاز به درمان نداشته و با پیشگیری از موارد تشدید کننده بیماری مانند مصرف ادویه جات، چای غلیظ، نوشابه و قهمه می توان آن را کنترل نمود.
آرتیمی های شدید در صورت عدم درمان ممکن است باعث مرگ بیمار شوند که معمولاً تپش قلب دائمی ناشی از وجود اضطراب در بیمار است اما اگر فردی به صورت کاملاً ناگهانی و به طور موقت از چند دقیقه تا چند ساعت دچار تپش قلب گردد حتماً باید برای انجام معاینات لازم به پزشک متخصص قلب و عروق مراجعه نماید.
منبع: باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان
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